Моря и океаны покрывают более половины поверхности Земли. Много различных растений и существ живут в море. На снимке: коралловый риф. Коралловые рифы растут вблизи берегов и тропических морей. Крошечные существа строят коралловые рифы в красивых форм и цветов.. Много различных видов рыб и других морских существ делают свои дома в рифах. РS: Перевод не дословный, так-что могут быть ошибки)
Economic growth.
Economic growth is understood as long-term changes of real volume of the national production, connected with development of productive forces in a long-term time interval.
If all factors of production are used completely and with the greatest efficiency (the economy is on border of the production capabilities), the real output reaches the maximum value. It is so-called "potential output".
If production resources are used insufficiently effectively or not in full, the actual value of real output will be less potential.
The essence of economic growth consists in permission and reproduction at new level of the main contradiction of economy: between limitation of production resources and infinity of public requirements.
This contradiction can be resolved in two main ways:
– first, at the expense of increase in production capabilities;
– secondly, due to the most effective use of available production capabilities and development of public requirements.
However on it process doesn't come to the end: at each new stage of development at expansion of production capabilities not all public requirements are satisfied.
There are two main approaches to treatment of forms of manifestation of economic growth. As the most widespread the understanding of economic growth as total characteristic of development of national economy supports the certain period, measured or growth rates of real volume of GNP, or rates of increase in these indicators per capita. Now the second approach prevails.
Economic growth is meant as such development of national economy at which rates of increase in the real national income exceed growth rates of the population.
Considering economic growth from the point of view of interests of all society, it is possible to allocate its main objectives: increase of material well-being of the population and maintenance of national security.
Efficiency of economic growth is understood as improvement of all components of the many-sided concept "production efficiency".
Improvement of quality of goods and services, increase of their competitiveness, development of production of new goods, development of new technologies, increase in return concern to them from use of production resources, etc.
The concept "quality of economic growth" of the economic theory contacts strengthening of a social orientation of economic development of the country. The main components of quality of economic growth are:
– improvement of material well-being of the population;
– increase in free time;
– increase of a level of development of branches of social infrastructure;
– growth of investments into the human capital;
– safety of working conditions and life of people;
– social security jobless and disabled;
<span>– maintenance of a full employment.</span>
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