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England is the largest and the richest country of Great Britain. The capital of England is London but there are other large industrial cities, such as Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester and other famous and interesting cities such as York, Chester, Oxford and Cambridge. Stonehenge is one of the most famous prehistoric places in the world. This ancient circle of stones stands in Southwest England. It measures 80 metres across and made with massive blocks of stone up to four metres high. Why it was built is a mystery.
Not far from Stonehenge stands Salisbury Cathedral. It is a splendid example of an English Gothic Cathedral; inside there is one of four copies of Magna Charta and the oldest clock in England. Chester is very important town in the north-west of England. In the past it used to be a Roman fort; its name comes from the Latin word castra, meaning "fortified camp". In Chester there is a famous museum which contains over 5000 ancient and modern toys.
Oxford is the home of the oldest university of England. The most famous college is Christ Church. It has a great hall which was built during the reign of Henry VIII and its chapel has become the Cathedral of Oxford. Cambridge is the home of Britain's second oldest university. York was the capital of Northern England. It is one of the best preserved medieval cities of Europe. It was built by Romans, conquered by Anglo-Saxons and ruled by the Vikings. Birmingham is often called the "City of 1,500 trades" because of the great variety of its industries
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We use money every day to pay for things we buy.
Thousands of years ago, the money was not used. Instead, man had the “barter” system. This meant that if one wanted something he had, he had to find someone who had this thing. Then he had to offer him something in exchange. And if that person didn't like what he was offered, the first man couldn't get what he needed.
Over time, certain things were used as money, because virtually everyone would take these things in exchange. In the past people used shells, beads, beans, cocoa, salt, grain, tobacco, leather, and even cattle. But coins are much easier to use than, say, cattle. Them easy to store and carry.
They were first made from either gold or silver. They were imprinted with the brand name. Printing was showing how much each coin was worth.
Later, people began to use coins made of cheaper metals. Metal just had no value, but the coins still had value on the basis of printing, imprinted on them. People have also started to use paper money. No longer mattered that the money itself had no real value. This is the kind of money we use today.