The common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), or hippo, is a large, mostlyherbivorous mammal in sub-Saharan Africa, and one of only two extant species in thefamily Hippopotamidae, the other being thepygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensisor Hexaprotodon liberiensis). The name comes from the ancient Greek for "river horse" (ἱπποπόταμος). After the elephant andrhinoceros, the common hippopotamus is the third-largest type of land mammal and the heaviest extant artiodactyl. Despite their physical resemblance to pigs and other terrestrial even-toed ungulates, the closest living relatives of the Hippopotamidae arecetaceans (whales, porpoises, etc.) from which they diverged about55 million years ago. The common ancestor of whales and hippos split from other even-toed ungulates around 60 million years ago. The earliest known hippopotamus fossils, belonging to the genus Kenyapotamus in Africa, date to around 16 million years ago.
Common hippos are recognisable by their barrel-shaped torsos, wide-opening mouths revealing large canine tusks, nearly hairless bodies, columnar-like legs and large size; adults average 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) and 1,300 kg (2,900 lb) for males and females respectively, making them the largest species of land mammal after the three species of elephants and the white and Indian rhinoceros. Despite its stocky shape and short legs, it is capable of running 30 km/h (19 mph) over short distances. The hippopotamus is a highly aggressive and unpredictable animal and is ranked among the most dangerous animals in Africa.[3]Nevertheless, they are still threatened by habitat loss and poaching for their meat andivory canine teeth.
The common hippopotamus is semiaquatic, inhabiting rivers, lakes and mangroveswamps, where territorial bulls preside over a stretch of river and groups of five to thirty females and young. During the day, they remain cool by staying in the water or mud; reproduction and childbirth both occur in water. They emerge at dusk to graze on grasses. While hippopotamuses rest near each other in the water, grazing is a solitary activity and hippos are not territorial on land.
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Education after 16 is voluntary in the United Kingdom.
British universities are self-governing and are guaranteed academic independence.
Many of the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge universities were founded in the 12th and 13th centuries. All other universities in Britain were founded in 19th and 20th centuries.
Nowadays there are more than forty universities in Britain, of which 36 are in England, 8 in Scotland, 2 in Northern Ireland and 1 in Wales.
British Universities are private institutions. Every university is independent, autonomous and responsible only to its own governing council.
The number and type of faculties differ from university to university. Each university decides each year how many students it supposes to admit. The admission to universities is by examination or selection (interviews). The students receive grant. The have to pay fees and living costs but every student may receive from the local authority of the place where he lives personal grant which is enough to pay lodging and food – unless his parents are rich.
Students who pass examinations at the end of three or four years of study get Bachelor’s degree. The first postgraduate degree is normally that of Master conferred for a thesis based at least one year’s fulltime work. Universities are centres of research and many postgraduates are engaged in research for higher degree, usually Doctorates.
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