William Shakespeare, the greatest and most famous of English writers, and probably the greatest playwright who has ever lived, was bom on the 23d of April, 1564, in Stratford-on-Avon.
In spite of his fame we know very little about his life. At the age of six he was sent to school, but had to leave it at the age of 13. His father, John Shakespeare, was a glove-maker, and when he fell into debt, William had to help him in the trade.
Just what William did between his fourteenth and eighteenth year isn't known. At the age of eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway. Ann was eight years older than her husband and the marriage wasn't a happy one.
When Shakespeare was twenty-one, he went to London. We don't know why he left Stratford-on-Avon. There is a story that Shakespeare's first job in London was holding rich men's horses at the theatre door. But nobody can be sure that this story is true.
Later, Shakespeare became an actor and a member of a very successful acting company. It's highly probable that The Comedy of Errors, Romeo and Juliet and some other plays by Shakespeare were performed for the first time on this stage.
Very soon, however, the actors were told that they could no longer use the land that their theatre was built on and the company had nowhere else to perform. There is a story that in the dead of night the whole acting troop took down their theatre, timber by timber, brick by brick. They carried it across the river and rebuilt it. The new theatre was called the Globe.
Shakespeare wrote 37 plays: 10 tragedies (such as Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth), 17 comedies (such as As You Like It, Twelfth Night, Much Ado About Nothing), 10 historical plays (such as Henry IV, Richard III.). He also left 7 books of poems.
Most of Shakespeare's plays were not published in his lifetime. So some of them may have been lost in the fire when the Globe burnt down in 1613.
Shakespeare spent the last years of his life at Stratford, where he died, ironically, on the same date as his birthday, the 23d of April, 1616. He was buried in the church of Stratford. A monument was erected to the memory of the great playwright in the Poet's Corner in Westminster Abbey. In 1997, Shakespeare's Globe was restored.
Перевод
Уильям Шекспир, величайший и наиболее известный английский писатель, и, возможно, величайший драматург, когда-либо живущий, родился 23-го апреля 1564, в Стратфорде-на-Эйвоне.
Несмотря на свою известность, мы очень мало знаем о его жизни. В возрасте шести лет он был направлен в школу, но был вынужден оставить её в возрасте 13 лет. Его отец, Джон Шекспир, был перчаточником, и когда он залез в долги, Вильяму пришлось помогать ему в его ремесле.
То, что Уильям сделал между четырнадцатью и восемнадцатью годами не известно. В возрасте 18 лет, он женился на Энн Хэтэуэй. Энн была на восемь лет старше мужа, и брак не был счастливым.
Когда Шекспиру было 21, он отправился в Лондон. Мы не знаем, почему он покинул Стратфорд-он-Эйвон. Существует легенда, что первой работой Шекспира в Лондоне было держать лошадей богатых людей у дверей театра. Но никто не может быть уверен, что эта история правдива.
Позже Шекспир стал актером и членом весьма успешной труппы. Весьма вероятно, что "Комедия ошибок", "Ромео и Джульетта" и некоторые другие пьесы Шекспира были впервые сыграны на этой сцене.
Очень скоро, однако, актерам сказали, что они уже не могут использовать землю, на которой их театр был построен и труппе не было где играть. Существует легенда, что под покровом ночи вся труппа разобрала свой театр по бревну и по кирпичикам. Они перенесли его через реку и восстановили его. Новый театр был назван "Глобус".
Шекспир написал 37 пьес: 10 трагедий (такие как "Гамлет", "Король Лир", "Отелло", "Макбет "), 17 комедий ( "Как вам это понравится", "Двенадцатая ночь", "Много шума из ничего"), 10 исторических пьес (таких, как "Генрих IV", "Ричард III" .). Он также оставил 7 книг стихов.
Большинство пьес Шекспира не были опубликованы при его жизни. Некоторые из них могут быть утеряны в огне, когда "Глобус" сгорел в 1613 году.
Шекспир провел последние годы своей жизни в Стратфорде, где он умер, по иронии судьбы, в тот же день, когда родился, 23 апреля 1616. Он был похоронен в церкви Стратфорда. Памятник был воздвигнут в память великого драматурга в Уголоке Поэтов в Вестминстерском аббатстве. В 1997 году "Глобус" Шекспира был восстановлен.
1the cat has been bitten by the dog 2your car will be repaired by the mechanic. 3the meal has been cooked by her 4my jeans have been washed by Mary. 5this book was translated with a dictionary by Paul 6that story was told me by him 7all the letters have been sent by them.
In Scotland, the New Year's Eve celebration is called Hogmanay which means 'new morning' in Celtic. It is surely the most exciting celebration of the year. Preparations for the celebration start early on December 31st. people clean their housesand throw out unwanted things. They bake a special fruit cake called 'Black Bun' and a lot of shortbread biscuits. On the night of Hogmanay there are live concerts and fabulous carnivals in the streets of Scottish towns. A lot of excited people get dressed up in colourful costumes. In some cities there are also a long torchlight procession through the streets that crowds watch excitedly. As soon as the bells chime twelve, everyone kisses and heartily wishes each other a Happy New Year. Then people join hands and proudly sing song 'Auld Lang Syne'. After that, there is a stunning fireworks display which is the icing on the cake. On 1st January people visit their friends and neighbours to wish them luck for the New Year.
Lots of people in Britain (1) celebrate 'Bonfire Night' on November 5th. Each town or village (2) has a big bonfire when it gets dark. People stand around the bonfire and (3) watch fireworks. They (4) wear warm clothes because it's usually cold at this time of year. They (5) eat potatoes baked in the bonfire. They are delicious! Bonfire Night is great fun.
My favorite music style is alternative rock. I can listen to it as loud as the background. This music makes me cheerful, but sometimes sad. I used to think that alternative rock includes only heavy and loud music, but it was not quite true. Alternative rock can be a slow and very beautiful. My favorite band is one direction. I think it is fantastic. This popular British band. She plays an original and interesting alternative rock. One direction - a very successful group. Their concerts are always visited by many people, and concert halls almost no space. Her songs are touching and meaningful. The guitar player sometimes plays a very strong and complicated stuff on the guitar I've never been to a concert of this group, Poteau that she never came to my town. But I really want to see her. And I hope that soon I'll go to a concert one direction, the best band in the world
<span><span>1. This time he <u>is living</u> in London.</span> (Present Continuous Active) Сейчас он живет в Лондоне. 2. Who <u>were</u> you <u>waiting</u> for when I came? (Past Continuous Active) Кого ты ждал, когда я пришел? 3. Computers <u>will be taking</u> decisions for us in the future. (Future Continuous Active) В будущем компьютеры смогут принимать решения за нас. 4. His friend’s telephone number <u>was forgotten</u> by him. (Past Simple Passive) - Его номер телефона был забыт. 5. By the time I got to the plane it <u>had</u> already <u>taken off</u>. - (Past Perfect Active) К тому времени, когда я добрался, самолет уже взлетел. <span>6. In a fortnight’s time we <u>will have taken</u> our exams.</span> (Future Perfect Active) Через две недели мы сдадим все экзамены. 7. The rooms <u>were cleaned</u> yesterday. (Past Simple Passive) - Комнаты были убраны вчера. 8. The translation <u>is being done</u> now. (Present Continuous Passive) - Перевод делают сечас. 9. The test <u>had been finished</u> when the teacher came. (Past Perfect Passive) - Когда учитель вошел, тест уже был сделан. <span>10. The apple pie <u>will have been bake</u>d by 2 o’clock in the afternoon.</span></span> (Future Perfect Passive) - Пирог будет приготовлен к 2м часам дня.