Ecological Problems
Since ancient times Nature has served Man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But with the development of civilization man's interference in nature began to increase.
Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises appear all over the world today. The by-products of their activity pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we grow grain and vegetables on.
Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut and burn in fire. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever, a number of rivers and lakes dry up.
The pollution of air and the world's ocean, destruction of the ozone layer is the result of man's careless interaction with nature, a sign of the ecological crises.
The most horrible ecological disaster befell Ukraine and its people after the Chernobyl tragedy in April 1986. About 18 percent of the territory of Byelarus were also polluted with radioactive substances. A great damage has been done to the agriculture, forests and people's health. The consequences of this explosion at the atomic power-station are tragic for the Ukrainian, Byelorussian and other nations.
Environmental protection is of a universal concern. That is why serious measures to create a system of ecological security should be taken.
Some progress has been already made in this direction. As many as 159 countries — members of the UNO — have set up environmental protection agencies. Numerous conferences have been held by these agencies to discuss problems facing ecologically poor regions including the Aral Sea, the South Urals, Kuzbass, Donbass, Semipalatinsk and Chernobyl.
An international environmental research centre has been set up on Lake Baikal. The international organisation Greenpeace is also doing much to preserve the environment.
But these are only the initial steps and they must be carried onward to protect nature, to save life on the planet not only for the sake of the present but also for the future generations.
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From year to year the interest to rare endangered animals grows up. Especially rare types of animals deserve great of attention and careful attitude.
Wild animals make that part of the organic world which turns out to be the most vulnerable, and the loss of it is not only real but it may occur in the shortest time. Famous English scientist Gerald Darrell said about the attitude of people to the wild-life: «Our world is as complicated and vulnerable as a spider's web. We may touch a single part of it and all the rest will shake as well. But we not simply touch the web but produce gaping holes in it; we conduct, if it is possible to say, biological battle against the environment». The fauna of our planet is the indivisible system, and the loss of any, the most insignificant at first glance, section leads to serious changes. That is why it is important to save every type of animals. Every kind is unique, interesting and necessary for people and nature.
In spite of understanding this fact, people contaminate and drain rivers and lakes, destroy forests, senselessly kill wild animals. The famous specialists Harper and Allen counted up that for the last twenty centuries hunters and colonists have already destroyed 106 types of large beasts and 139 species of birds. Only in 19 century seventy types of animals became extinct, for the last fifty years-forty types have disappeared!
Today the most well-known species of endangered animals, which are under the threat of complete disappearance, compute a blue whale, a Floridian panther, an arctic bear, a mountain gorilla, a cassowary, an Ussuriisk tiger and a giant panda. Animals disappear as a result of people’s influence on their life. People involuntarily take away their small brothers’ natural places of habitation, theirs fodder sites, cut down forests, cultivate deserts, contaminate seas and atmosphere. As a consequence animals are exterminated as fast as by means of a gun, poison, traps.
Blue whales, for example, die out for innutrition. The destruction of the ozone layer leads to the reduction of the amount, of plankton in the World Ocean, and it turns out to be the main food of whales.
A snow leopard or an ounce used to be called a precious brilliant in a pearl frame of mountains. Rich nomads decorated their clothes with the fur of a leopard- it was considered to be very honorable. As a snow leopard lived in out-of-the-way places, people never hunted this animal earlier those days, but nowadays a great number of ounces are killed as well as herds of mountain goats, morals and roes whom snow leopards hunt.
Trees felling and vigorous activity of poachers become the reason of reduction of the population of mountain gorillas.
A cassowary-the second-large bird in the world living in Australia- dies out today. The reason of considerable decrease in its population is the development of swine-breeding. Pigs ruin nests of birds and destroy their eggs.
The number of Ussurisk tigers decreased tragically in Russia. In 1980s the population of this animal reached its peak. But at the beginning of 1990s the Iron Curtain fell. Borders swung open and Chinese smugglers, ready to buy up the whole taiga, rushed into Russia. Tigers didn't give in without a fight – a great amount of people found their death from teeth and claws of the lawful governor of a taiga. And only in 1994 the World fund of the wild nature came to the Far East with the project of preservation of the Amur tiger. Now the number of the Amur tiger is stabilized at the level of 450 hundred.
Thus, the problem of preservation of wild animals has many moral, esthetic, ecological, genetic, economic and other aspects. Once sports used to need advertizing and encouragement, and hunting literature used to help people to love the beauty of the nature. Those years passed away. Now it is a too wasteful way of love.
A little more time will pass and all humanity will consider so-called sports hunting to be a shameful remnant of wildness and a murder of an animal without need will be punished by the law as strictly as a murder of a person. Any murder, both of a person and an animal, causes a big moral loss, first of all to the one who kills, and to those people who surround him. If it proceeds in such a way there will be no more animals to kill soon, and engineers will have to make hares, deer and wood-grouses of nylon and other chemical substitutes, and then they will let them out into the woods, also nylon.
It is time to introduce proper order on the Earth, to break senseless destruction of wild animals and woods, pollution and withering rivers and lakes! Nowadays protection of nature is not the academic theory but the urgent need.
