Question

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Read the text and say if you agree with the conclusions psychologists make. Give examples from your own experience.
Friendship in Development

At the early school age friendships are based on sharing toys and other objects and also on the enjoyment that is received from performing activities together. Friendships at this age are kept through affection, sharing and creative playtime. Sharing may be hard for children at this age level as they are very self-oriented. However, children are likely to share more with someone they consider to be a friend than with someone who is just a peer.
As children move to middle school they gradually change psychologically, becoming less individualized and more aware of others. They begin to see their friends’ point of view and have fun playing in groups of peers who have the same interests as them. They also experience peer rejection as they move through the middle childhood years. It is important to explain to a child that sometimes people tend to reject others and that it shouldn’t turn into a tragedy, especially if he or she still has at least one or two good friends. Establishing good friendships at a young age helps a child to feel more comfortable in society later on in their life.
As a child gets older their expectations of a best friend become increasingly more complex. Psychologists believe that friendship expectations have three steps or levels of development:
time when shared activities and geographical closeness are of greater importance;
time when sharing, loyalty and commitment are important;
time when similar attitudes and interests are growing in importance.
B. Find in the text English equivalents for the following.
1) Cовместное выполнение различных видов деятельности; 2) они очень эгоцентричны, ориентированы на самих себя; 3) менее обособлены; 4) больше способны думать о других; 5) сталкиваются с отторжением их ровесниками; 6) установление крепких дружеских отношений; 7) становятся всё более сложными; 8) верность и преданность; 9) схожие взгляды, позиции.

Answer 1

B. Find in the text English equivalents for the following.
1) Cовместное выполнение различных видов деятельности; Performing activities together.
2) они очень эгоцентричны, ориентированы на самих себя; To be self- oriented, they are self -oriented.
3) менее обособлены; Less individualized.
4) больше способны думать о других; To become more aware of others.
5) сталкиваются с отторжением их ровесниками; To experience peer rejection. 6) установление крепких дружеских отношений; Establishing good friendships,
7) становятся всё более сложными; To become (increasingly) more complex.
8) верность и преданность; Loyalty and commitment.
9) схожие взгляды, позиции. Similar attitudes and interests.