1.
-8x²-16xy-8y²=-8(x²+2xy+y²)=-8(x+y)²
2.
5mn+15m-10n-30=5m(n+3)-10(n+3)=(n+3)(5m-10)
3.
256-b^4=16²-(b²)²=(16-b²)(16+b²)