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<span>Canada is situated on the north of Northern America, washed by the
Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west, and the
Arctic Ocean in the north and in the northeast by the Baffin Bay and the
Davis Strait, which separate it from Greenland, In the south and in the
north Canada borders on the USA. It is a land of vast distances and
rich natural resources. Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867
while retaining ties to the British crown. Canada's territory is the
world's second largest country, surpassed in size only by Russia. It
includes many islands, notably the Canadian Arctic Islands, also called
Arctic Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. Economically and technologically
the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbour to the
south. The total area is about 10 million sq km. Canada is slightly
larger than the US. It is an important manufacturer, and its major
cities, such as Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Ottawa, Edmonton, Calgary
and Winnipeg are centres of commerce and industry.
The climate of
Canada varies from temperate in the south to subarctic and arctic in the
north. The highest Canadian point is Mount Logan 5,959 m. The
population of Canada is about 32 million people. There are two state
languages: English and French. English is spoken by 60 % of population;
French is spoken by 23 % of people.
Most of Canada's inhabitants live
in the southern part of the country and vast areas of the north are
sparsely inhabited. The country is divided into ten provinces (Alberta,
British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia,
Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan) and three
territories (Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory, Nunavut Territory).
The third territory called Nunavut, to be carved from the present
Northwest Territories, was created in 1999.
The name Canada is derived from an Iroquoian term meaning «village».
Among
the great rivers of Canada there are the Saint Lawrence River, draining
the Great Lakes and emptying into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence; the
Ottawa and the Saguenay rivers, the principal affluents of the Saint
Lawrence River; the Saint John River, emptying into the Bay of Fundy.
The government type is confederation with parliamentary democracy. The capital of Canada is Ottawa.
Canada
became independent from the United Kingdom on July, 1, 1867. Legal
system is based on the English common law, except in Quebec, where civil
law system based on the French law prevails.
The racial and ethnic
makeup of the Canadian people is diversified. About 35 percent of the
population is composed of people of the British origin. People of the
French origin total about 25 percent of the population. The vast
majority of French-speaking Canadians reside in Quebec, where they make
up about three-fourths of the population; large numbers also live in
Ontario and New Brunswick.
French-speaking Canadians maintain their
language, culture, and traditions, and the federal government follows
the policy of a bilingual and bicultural nation. During the 1970s and
1980s the proportion of Asians among the Canadian population increased,
and today those who count their ancestry as wholly Asian make up 8 to 10
percent of the population. More than two-thirds of the Asian immigrants
live in Ontario or British Columbia. The remainder of the population is
composed of people of various ethnic groups, such as German, Italian,
Ukrainian, Netherlands Dutch, Scandinavian, Polish, Hungarian, Greek,
and Native American. Blacks have never constituteda major segment of the
Canadian population. Indigenous people make up nearly 2 percent of
Canada's inhabitants.
The largest religious community in Canada is
Roman Catholic. Nearly half of Canadians who are Roman Catholic live in
Quebec. Of the Protestant denominations in Canada the largest is the
United Church of Canada, followed by the Anglican Church of Canada.
Other important Protestant groups are the Baptist, Presbyterian and
Lutheran. Nearly 2 percent of the population are Orthodox. Muslim and
Jewish adherents each number about 1 percent. A substantial number of
Buddhists, Hindus and Sikhs have been brought to the country in recent
years by immigration. Nearly 13 percent of Canadians claim no religion.</span>
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